Peasant clothing in the Middle Ages, spanning from the 11th to the 16th centuries, saw gradual evolution compared to the more dramatic shifts in noble attire. This article focuses on the clothing worn by peasants and rural laborers in Northern Europe, exploring the differences between men’s and women’s garments.
Men’s Clothing
The basic layers for men consisted of braies (linen or wool underpants), a shirt, and hose or stockings. Working men frequently shed their outer layers, performing tasks in their braies.
Over this base layer, men wore a tunic, typically belted, made of linen or wool. Specific work attire was rare, with leather aprons for blacksmiths and sowing aprons being exceptions.
From 1000-1300, working men favored short, belted tunics, often split at the front. Braies served as shorts in warmer weather or for dirty jobs. Chausses (leggings) were tied to the belt or secured with drawstrings.
Between 1400-1500, shorter doublets started gaining popularity among some commoners, although loose tunics and chausses remained prevalent.
By 1500-1600, joined hose attached to jackets became more common.
Women’s Clothing
Women’s undergarments comprised a linen shift and short stockings tied below the knee.
Over the shift, women wore a dress. Initially loose-fitting, it evolved into a fitted cote or kirtle towards the later Middle Ages. Aprons were common for protecting clothing.
Festive attire for both men and women echoed prevailing fashion trends, though often crafted from simpler materials like wool instead of silk. Decorative elements like lace and embroidery added flair.
